【每日一练】2019年银行校园招聘—每日一练(3.19)

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2019年银行校园招聘每日一练(3.19)

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　　Passage 6

　　Early in the age of affluence(富裕)that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever-increasing rate.”

　　Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed.

　　Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values.

　　Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.

　　Over-consumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.

　　Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too.

　　The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.

　　Thus, many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world, of plenty is somehow hollow-that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.

　　Of course, the opposite of over-consumption-poverty-is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed(被剥夺得一无所有的)peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin American, and hungry nomads (游牧民族)turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.

　　If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?

　　71. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ( ).

　　A. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers

　　B. gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism

　　C. led to the reform of the retailing system

　　D. resulted in the worship of consumerism

　　【答案】D。细节题。题干问：第二次世界大战后富裕社会的出现会如何。A：导致新一代上层消费者的产生。B：导致新利己主义占据主导地位。C：导致零售系统的改革。D：导致消费主义崇拜。文章前几段提到“Lebown呼吁我们生产力极高的经济要求我们将消费作为我们的生活方式，将购买和使用商品看成是生活的惯例，并要求我们在消费中寻求精神满足和自我满足”，“美国人响应他的号召，世界上大部分人也尾随其后”，“在工业国家中消费已成为生活的中心支柱，甚至渗透到社会的价值观中”。而这种种均是二战后富裕社会的出现带来的结果，亦是崇尚消费主义的表现，因此D正确。文中并未提及“上层消费者”，“利己主义”“零售系统改革”，所以ABC三项错误。故本题选D。

　　72.Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is ( ).

　　A. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals

　　B. the people's desire for a rise in their living standards

　　C. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption

　　D. the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume

　　【答案】D。细节题。题目问：除了巨大的生产能力，导致高消费的另一个重要推动力是什么。A项：商品的销售转变为一种惯例。B项：人们渴望生活水平提高。C项：生产和销售之间存在的不平衡。D项：个人成功由他消费多少商品衡量这一观念。文章第三段提到“在日本和美国这两个最大的经济强国，民意调查表明对成功从消费主义角度下的定义日益得到广泛认同”，由此可见，“成功是由他们高消费多少来衡量的”这一概念对人们的高消费起着重要的推动作用，因此D正确。ABC在原文找不到跟推动高消费的因果联系，故排除。故本题选D。

　　73.Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing? ( )

　　A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.

　　B. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.

　　C. Because over-consumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.

　　D. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.

　　 （编辑：yangsh）